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Carotenoid News |
Vol. 11, No. 1
February 2001
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Carotenoid News |
Vol. 11, No. 1
February 2001
“Non omnis moriar” (Horace)
Abandoning false humility, the great
Roman poet wrote, “I shall not wholly die”. His poetry is still
read and admired two millennia after his death. Such immortality awaits also
great scientists, like Dr. James Allen Olson, who suddenly died on September
22, 2000, in the full bloom of his scientific career. His contribution to our
understanding of vitamin A and carotenoid metabolism will never be forgotten. He was greatly missed at the fourth
Gordon Research Conference on Carotenoids, which he helped to organize and was
scheduled to lead a session. In the past meetings, Dr. Olson was always leading
our discussions, with most pertinent questions, insightful remarks and perfect
recall of names, facts and publications. A special symposium in memory of Dr.
Olson will take place on June 21-24, 2001, in Ames, Iowa. Dr. Olson was among
the founding members of the Carotenoid Research Interaction Group (CARIG),
which publishes this newsletter.
CARIG will not
have a regular Pre-EB conference this year due to the wealth of other
carotenoid meetings (Gordon Conference, symposia in New York (April 10) and in
Ames, the 13th International Symposium in Hawaii on January 6-12,
2002). Instead, CARIG will sponsor a special lecture at Experimental Biology in
Orlando, on April 2 at 1 pm. Dr. Norman Krinsky will speak about
“Carotenoid Research in the Past and Present Millennia”. The
symposium “Can Lutein Protect against Chronic Disease?”, chaired by
Drs Mares-Perlman and Erdman, will follow the lecture in the same room, 308
A/B, Orlando Convention Center. More information about these promising
gatherings can be found in this issue of Carotenoid News, in order to encourage
your participation.
Maria S.
Sapuntzakis (Chicago, IL)
In Memoriam: James Allen Olson
James Allen
Olson, Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State
University, passed away on September 22, 2000, several weeks before his 76th
birthday. He graduated from
Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota and obtained his Ph.D. degree from
Harvard University, working with Christian Anfinsen. Subsequently he held postdoctoral positions with Sir Ernst
Chain (in Rome) and with Konrad Bloch (at Harvard). In 1956 he joined the Department of Biochemistry at the
University of Florida.
His dissertation research and postdoctoral research was in enzymology;
as a young faculty member at the University of Florida he turned his attention
to the biochemistry of the enzyme which converts b-carotene to vitamin A. During a sabbatic leave in Kyoto he succeeded in
characterizing the carotene cleavage enzyme, and demonstrated for the first
time that the reaction could be studied using a soluble enzyme preparation
(Olson, J.A. and Hayaishi, O. The enzymatic cleavage of b-carotene into vitamin A by soluble enzymes of rat
liver and intestine. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 54:1364-1370, 1965). Similar work was being done by DeWitt Goodman at Columbia
University, and together they published a detailed description of the assay
procedure (Goodman, D.S. and Olson, J.A. The conversion of all-trans b-carotene into retinal. Methods Enzymol. 15:462-475, 1969). At about the same time he and his students first isolated
retinoyl b-glucuronide
as a metabolite of vitamin A, a compound which continued to claim his interest
for the remainder of his career (Zachman, R.D., Dunagin, P.E.,Jr., and Olson,
J.A. Formation and enterohepatic circulation of metabolites of retinol and
retinoic acid in bile duct-cannulated rats. J.Lipid Res. 7:3-9, 1966).
His growing
interest in the nutritional biochemistry of vitamin A and carotenoids led him
to appreciate the important role of vitamin A in human health and inspired him,
as he established the Department of Biochemistry at Mahidol University in
Thailand, and when he subsequently continued as a staff member of the
Rockefeller Foundation at the Federal University of Bahia in Brazil. He moved
to Iowa State University (as chairman of the Department of Biochemistry and
Biophysics) in 1975 and continued his research in retinoids and carotenoids,
directing research in liver storage and mobilization of vitamin A (cellular
sites of storage, esterification and hydrolysis of retinyl esters), deposition
of b-carotene in bovine pineal
gland, effects of zinc deficiency on vitamin A storage in the eye,
teratogenicity of various retinoids, metabolism of retinoid b-glucuronides, retinoylation of proteins, effects of
retinoids on cellular differentiation, human absorption and plasma kinetics of
carotenoids, and development of improved methods of assessing human vitamin A
status (the Modified Relative Dose Response and isotope dilution). In total, during his career he
published well over 400 papers.
James Olson
served as president of the American Society of Nutritional Sciences, as well as
on a variety of national and international committees, organized and chaired
various scientific meetings (including FASEB research conferences and a Gordon
Conference), presented lectures around the world, and served on editorial
boards of a number of journals and as consultant to numerous governmental and
nongovernmental agencies. He was
particularly aware of the importance of interaction (including social
interactions) among scientists, helping to found CARIG (Carotenoids Research
Interaction Group) Conferences and newsletter, and annually sponsoring the
VARIG (Vitamin A Research Interaction Group) social at Experimental
Biology. To all of these
activities he brought scientific rigor and unusually perceptive scientific
insight. Although he loved the
arts (including classical music), his greatest passion was reserved for his
wife Giovanna and their three children.
Those of us who
knew Jim Olson may truly say, “if we can see further now, it is because
we stand on the shoulders of giants.”
Arun
B. Barua (Ames, IA)
Harold C. Furr (Storrs, CT)
Experimental Biology 2001. Orlando, Florida. Contact:
EB’ 2001, Office of Scientific Meetings and Conferences, 9650 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3998 tel:
301-530-7010, fax:
301-530-7014, E-mail:
eb@faseb.org, website: www.faseb.org.eb2001 [see program highlights below]
April 2-5, 2001
Second International Conference on Oxidative Stress and
Aging. Maui, Hawaii. Technologies for Assessment and Intervention
Strategies. Contact: Mr. Kent
Lindeman, CMP, Holland-Parlette Associates, Inc., 2950 Buskirk Ave., Ste. 170,
Walnut Creek, CA 94596, tel: 925-472-5900, fax: 925-472-5901, E-mail: klindeman@hp-assoc.com , website: www.o2sa.org
April
10, 2001
International Symposium on the Role of Tomato Products
and Carotenoids in Disease Prevention.
New York, New York. Contact: Roz Alexander, American
Health Foundation, One Dane Rd., Valhalla, New York 10595, tel: 914-7897150, fax: 914-592-6317, E-mail: leonard cohen@nync.edu [see program below]
International Graduate Course on Production and Use of
Food Composition Data in Nutrition.
Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies. The 7th in
the series of this international postgraduate course oriented to those who
generate, compile and use food composition data in all aspects of nutrition and
health. A similar course is offered in the Netherlands in the fall. Contact:
Dr. Pauline Samuda, Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, P.O. Box 140,
Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies; tel: 876-927-1540, fax: 876-927-2657, E-mail: e-mail@cfni.paho.org
Website: www.cfni.paho.org
April 30 - May 3, 2001
ARVO Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Contact: Association for Research
in Vision and Ophthalmology, 123 Twinbrook Parkway, Suite 250, Rockville, MD
20852-1606, tel:
240-2212900, fax: 240-2210370,
E-mail: mem@arvo.org
Website: www.arvo.org
[see program
below]
European
Society for Photobiology Symposium: Photoprotection. Krakow, Poland, Contact:
Dr. T. Sarna, E-mail: TSARNA@mol.uj.edu.pl
or Dr.T.G.Truscott, E-mail:
cha31@keele.ac.uk
May
30 - June 1, 2001
Bioavailability 2001. Interlaken, Switzerland . Contact: Laboratory for Human
Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(ETH), PO Box 474, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland, (attn. Mrs. K.
Santagata), Fax:411-704-5710, website: www.ilw.agrl.ethz.ch/hu/bio2001/main.html
E-mail:bioavailability.2001@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch
Symposium on Functions and Actions of Retinoids and
Carotenoids: Building on the Vision of James Allen Olson, Ames, IA, Contact: James Allen Olson
Symposium, 3208 Molecular Biology Bldg., Tower State University, Ames, IA
50011-3260, tel:
515-2947978, fax: 515-2942244,
Website: molebio.iastate.edu/~gfst/olson.html, E-mail:gfst@iastate.edu, [see announcement below]
September 26 - 28, 2001
EUROFOODCHEM
XI, Norwich Research Park,
Norwich, UK. Biologically Active Phytochemicals
in Food: Analysis, Metabolism, Bioavailability and Function. Contact: John
Gibson, EUROFOODCHEM XI, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, Piccadilly,
London W1V 0BN, UK, tel: 44(0)207-437-8656, fax: 44(0)207-7341227, E-mail: conferences@rsc.org, website: www.rsc.org/lap/confs/eurofoodchemxi.htm
International Graduate Course on Production and Use of
Food Composition Data in Nutrition. Wageningen,
The Netherlands. The 8th in the series of this
international postgraduate course oriented to those who generate, compile and
use food composition data in all aspects of nutrition and health. Contact: Dr. Jacqueline
Catenmiller, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV
Wageningen, The Netherlands; tel: +31-317-482589, fax: +31-317-483342, E-mail: Jacqueline.Castenmiller@staff.nutepi.wau.nl
The 13th International Symposium on Carotenoids. Oahu, Hawaii. Contact: John Bertram (Program Chair), University of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala St., Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, tel: 808-586-2957, fax: 808-586-2970, E-mail: john@crch.hawaii.edu
HIGHLIGHTS OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2001
(PhenHRIG)Annual
Scientific Meeting
Saturday, March 31, 20019:00 a.m. -
5:00 p.m.
Rosen Plaza Hotel, Ballroom A ,Orlando, Florida
Chairpersons : Myron D. Gross (Minneapolis, MN)
Phyllis E. Bowen (Chicago, IL)
9:00 Welcome to PhenHRIG (M. Gross)
9:10
Introduction to Phenolics and Health (G. Beecher)
9:30
Bioavailability of Anthocyanins (P. Milbury)
10:00 Challenges in Evaluation of Polyphenolic Extract
Bioactivity (M. Smith)
10:30 Epicatechin and its In Vivo Metabolite, 3'-O-methyl Epicatechin, Protect Human Fibroblasts from Oxidative Stress-induced Apoptotic Cell Death (J. Sencer)
12:00 Lunch (on your own)
1:30
Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Cell Signalling: Studies in
Cultured
Cells and In Vivo (G. Rimbach)
2:00 Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Clinical Indications, Mechanisms and Preliminary Findings (B. Diamond)
3:15
Evidence Supporting the Effect of Cranberry on
Maintaining
Urinary Tract Health (M. Leahy , A. Howell)
4:30
Phytonutrient and Health Initiatives at NCI (J. Milner)
CARIG / VARIG Social
The
traditional VARIG / CARIG Social will be held from 6 - 8 pm on Saturday
evening, March 31. It is
anticipated that it will be held in the Suite of the ASNS President in the
Rosen Plaza Hotel (but be alert for possible change of venue). Cash bar.
Lecture
Sponsored by Carotenoid Research Interaction Group (CARIG): Carotenoid Research
in the Past and Present Millennia by
Dr. Norman I. Krinsky, (Tufts University, Boston, MA). April 2, 1 pm,
Convention Center Room 308 A/B.
Can
Lutein Protect Against Chronic Disease?: A Multi Disciplinary Approach
Involving Basic Science and Epidemiology to Weigh Evidence and Design Analytic
Strategies. Chaired: J.A.
Mares-Perlman and J.W. Erdman.
April
2, 2001, 2:30-5:00 pm, Convention Center Room 308 A/B
The
body of evidence to support a protective role for lutein and zeaxanthin in
delaying chronic diseases. Overview. J. Mares- Perlman (University
of Wisconsin)
Epidemiologic
data of relationships of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin to age-related eye
diseases. S. Hankinson (Harvard
University)
Possible
biologic mechanisms for protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin. N.I.
Krinsky (Tufts University)
Factors
that influence lutein and zeaxanthin absorption. J.W. Erdman (University of Illinois)
Diet
and lifestyle correlates of lutein in the blood and diet. How this information
can be used to interpret results and design analytic strategies. C. Rock (University of California – San Diego)
Discussants:
G. Beecher, (USDA, Beltsville, MD),
J. Curran-Celentano (University of New Hampshire).
NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance
Workshop . Convention Center, Room
208, April 4, 2001
9:00 Opening remarks
9:15
Review of results from interlaboratory comparison
exercises for fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in serum
(J.Brown
Thomas)
9:45
Chemical metrology vs. measuring chemicals: the MMQAP interlaboratory comparisons as research
instruments (D.Duewer)
10:30 Analysis of lyophilized vs. liquid-frozen sera
(K. Sharpless)
11:00 Review of Vitamin C analyses (S. Margolis)
11:30 Lunch (on your own)
1:00 Stabilization and quantitation of biologically
relevant folate monoglutamates in human plasma (B. Nelson)
1:30 Results from CDC 1999+ NHANES for serum folate
(C. Pfeifer)
2:00
Discussion of folate measurement needs.
2:30
Vitamin A studies among deficient international populations (A. Sowell, H. Chen)
3:30 CLIA
compliance (A. Herbert)
4:30
Wrap-up
___________________________________________________
International Symposium on the Role of Tomato
Products and Carotenoids in Disease Prevention
April 10, 2001, The New York Academy of Medicine
Tomatoes,
lycopene and clinical studies on prostate cancer. (S. Clinton)
Biological
and clinical effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with localized
prostate cancer. (O. Kucek)
Tomato
supplementation reduces DNA damage in men with prostate cancer. (P. Bowen)
Lycopene,
arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. (T. Rissanen)
Lycopene:
anti-oxidant mechanisms for control of coronary artery disease. (A.V. Rao)
Does
lycopene play a protective role in the lung? (L. Arab)
Tomato
and lycopene intake and cancer risk: epidemiological studies. (E. Giovannucci)
Tomato
consumption and digestive tract and female hormone-related neoplasms. (C.
LaVecchia)
Chemistry,
distribution and metabolism of tomato carotenoids. (F. Khachik)
Bioavailability
of all trans and cis isomers of lycopene. (J. Erdman)
Lycopene
uptake from processed foods and anti-oxidant capacity in humans. (S. Schwartz)
Tomato
carotenoids and cancer: experimental model studies. (L. Cohen)
Overview:
mechanisms of lycopene action. (D. Heber)
May
2, 2001, 10:45- 12:30, Room 305, Ft. Lauderdale Convention Center. Moderators: J. Landrum and C. Leske
Relations
between nutrient intake and risk for age-related cataract. (A. Taylor)
Basic
research on antioxidant risk reduction of cataract: a role for retinal
degeneration? (J. Trevithick)
Carotenoids
and the health of the human retina. (M. Snodderly)
The
role of lutein and zeaxanthin in age-related eye disease. Evidence from
epidemiological studies. (J.
Mares-Perlman)
Antioxidant
relationships with age-related eye disease in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. (P.
Mitchell)
b-Carotene and age-related cataract in randomized trial
of U.S. physicians. (W. Christian)
Supplemental
Vitamin E and risk of cataract and AMD:results from the VECAT study. (H.
Taylor)
Archives of Biochemistry and
Biophysics. Carotenoids Highlight Issue. 395 (1). January 1, 2001: 1-69. Contains mini-reviews
of various aspects of carotenoid research prepared before recent Gordon
Research Conference on Carotenoids .
Sight and Life Manual on Vitamin
A Deficiency Disorders (VADD) by D. S. McLaren and M. Frigg, 2nd edition,
2001. Publication of the Task Force SIGHT AND LIFE, PO Box 2116, 4002 Basel,
Switzerland, tel: 41-61-691-2253/688-7494,
Fax:41-61-688-1910,
E-mail: sight.life@roche.com,
Dietary Reference Intakes.
Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron,
Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. (2001) National Academy Press, 2101
Constitution Ave, NW Lockbox 285, Washington DC 20055. tel: 800-624-6242, website: www.nap.edu
Alphabetical Listing of Recent
Publications
from August 2000
(prepared by Dr. Harold Furr,
University of Connecticut)
More complete list available at ICS website: http://www.carotenoid.uconn.edu
(2000)
Hunting healthy molecules. Anal. Chem. 72: 580A-581A
Abe, K.
& Saito, H. (2000) Effects of saffron extract and its constituent crocin on
learning behaviour and long-term potentiation. Phytother. Res. 14:
149-152
al Senaidy, A.
M. (2000) Serum concentration of retinol, b-carotene, cholesterol, and triglycerides in Saudi
school children. J. Trop. Pediatr. 46: 163-167
Alba, R.,
Cordonnier-Pratt, M. M. & Pratt, L. H. (2000) Fruit-localized phytochromes
regulate lycopene accumulation independently of ethylene production in tomato. Plant
Physiol. 123: 363-370
Albanes, D.,
Malila, N., Taylor, P. R., Huttunen, J. K., Virtamo, J., Edwards, B. K.,
Rautalahti, M., Hartman, A. M., Barrett, M. J., Pietinen, P., Hartman, T. J.,
Sipponen, P., Lewin, K., Teerenhovi, L., Hietanen, P., Tangrea, J. A.,
Virtanen, M. & Heinonen, O. P. (2000) Effects of supplemental a-tocopherol and b-carotene on colorectal cancer: results from a
controlled trial (Finland). Cancer Causes. Control. 11:
197-205
Albrecht, M.,
Takaichi, S., Steiger, S., Wang, Z. Y. & Sandmann, G. (2000) Novel
hydroxycarotenoids with improved antioxidative properties produced by gene
combination in Escherichia coli. Nat.
Biotechnol. 18: 843-846
Amaya-Farfan,
J. (1999) [Panorama of the investigation on carotenoids in Brasil: perspectives
and needs]. Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 49: 92S-97S
Arab, L. &
Steck, S. (2000) Lycopene and cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71:
1691S-5S; discus
Arcangeli, C.
& Cannistraro, S. (2000) In situ
Raman microspectroscopic identification and localization of carotenoids:
approach to monitoring of UV-B irradiation stress on Antarctic fungus. Biopolymers 57:
179-186
Arellano, J.
B., Psencik, J., Borrego, C. M., Ma, Y. Z., Guyoneaud, R., Garcia-Gil, J. &
Gillbro, T. (2000) Effect of carotenoid biosynthesis inhibition on the
chlorosome organization in Chlorobium phaeobacteroides strain CL1401. Photochem. Photobiol. 71:
715-723
Arikan, S.
& Rodway, R. G. (2000) Effects of HDL containing high or low b-carotene concentrations on progesterone production and
b-carotene uptake and
depletion by bovine luteal cells. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 62:
253-263
Arnhold, T.,
Nau, H. & Ruehl, R. (2000) Vitamin A. In: Modern Analytical
Methodologies in Fat- and Water-Soluble Vitamins (Song, W. O., Beecher, G. R. & Eitenmiller, R. R.,
eds) pp. 3-49. John Wiley & Sons,Inc., New York.
Arriaga-Alba,
M., Rivera-Sanchez, R., Parra-Cervantes, G., Barro-Moreno, F., Flores-Paz, R.
& Garcia-Jimenez, E. (2000) Antimutagenesis of b-carotene to mutations induced by quinolone on Salmonella
typhimurium. Arch. Med. Res. 31:
156-161
Ashizawa, K.,
Tomita, Y., Kanemaru, C. & Tsuzuki, Y. (2000) In vitro effects of b-carotene for the motility, ATP, and intracellular free
Ca(2+) concentrations of fowl spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 56: 99-104
Azais-Braesco,
V., Winklhoffer-Roob, B., Ribalta, J., Hanley, B., Vasson, M. P., Brtko, J.,
Brigeluis-Flohe, R. & Bronner, A. (2000) Vitamin A, vitamin E and
carotenoid status and metabolism during ageing: functional and nutritional
consequences (project proposal). Endocr. Regul. 34: 97-98
Ball, G. F. M.
(1998) Bioavailability and Analysis of Vitamins in Foods. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 1-560.
Bamji, M. S.
& Krinsky, N. I. (1966) The carotenoid pigments of a radiation-resistant Micrococcus species. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 115:
276-284
Barua, A. B.
& Olson, J. A. (2000) b-Carotene is converted primarily to retinoids in rats in vivo. J.
Nutr. 130: 1996-2001
Basu, M., Banerjee, A., Bhattacharya, U.
K., Bishayee, A. & Chatterjee, M. (2000) b-Carotene prolongs survival, decreases lipid
peroxidation and enhances glutathione status in transplantable murine lymphoma.
Phytomedicine 7: 151-159
Baumeister, B.
& Matile, S. (2000) Rigid-rod b-barrels as lipocalin models: probing confined space by
carotenoid encapsulation. Chemistry
6: 1739-1749
Bell, J. G.,
McEvoy, J., Tocher, D. R. & Sargent, J. R. (2000) Depletion of a-tocopherol and astaxanthin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo
salar) affects autoxidative defense
and fatty acid metabolism. J. Nutr.
130: 1800-1808
Beno, I.,
Klvanova, J., Magalova, T. & Brtkova, A. (2000) Blood levels of natural
antioxidants in gastric and colorectal precancerous lesions and cancers in
Slovakia. Neoplasma. 47: 37-40
Berendschot, T.
T., Goldbohm, R. A., Klopping, W. A., van de Kraats, J., van Norel, J. &
van Norren, D. (2000) Influence of lutein supplementation on macular pigment,
assessed with two objective techniques. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41:
3322-3326
Bjerkeng, B.
(2000) Carotenoid pigmentation of salmonid fishes - recent progress. In: Avances
en Nutricion Acuicola V. Memorias del V Simposium Internacional de Nutricion
Acuicola 19-22 Noviembre, 2000
(Cruz-Suarez, L. E., Ricque-Marie, D., Tapia-Salazar, M., Olvera-Novoa, M. A.
& Civera-Cerecedo, R., eds) pp. 71-89. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
Bjerkeng, B.
& Berge, G. M. (2000) Apparent digestibility coefficients and accumulation
of astaxanthin E/Z isomers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglosus L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. [B]. 127:
423-432
Boileau, T. W.,
Clinton, S. K. & Erdman, J. W.,Jr. (2000) Tissue lycopene concentrations
and isomer patterns are affected by androgen status and dietary lycopene
concentration in male F344 rats. J. Nutr. 130: 1613-1618
Bon, R. A.,
Landrum, J. T., Dixon, Z., Chen, Y. & Llerena, C. M. (2000) Lutein and
zeaxanthin in the eyes, serum and diet of human subjects. Exp. Eye Res. 71:
239-245
Breinholt, V.,
Lauridsen, S. T., Daneshvar, B. & Jakobsen, J. (2000) Dose-response effects
of lycopene on selected drug-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in the rat. Cancer
Lett. 154: 201-210
Brennan, P.,
Butler, J., Agudo, A., Benhamou, S., Darby, S., Fortes, C., Jockel, K. H.,
Kreuzer, M., Nyberg, F., Pohlabeln, H., Saracci, R., Wichman, H. E. &
Boffetta, P. (2000) Joint effect of diet and environmental tobacco smoke on
risk of lung cancer among nonsmokers [letter]. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92:
426-427
Brenner, D. E.
(2000) Cancer chemoprevention [editorial]. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 33:
155-156
Brignall, M.
& Lamson, D. (2000) Re: b-Carotene: a miss for epidemiology [letter; comment]. J.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 92: 1014; disc
Broekmans, W.
M., Klopping-Ketelaars, I. A., Schuurman, C. R., Verhagen, H., van den Berg,
H., Kok, F. J. & van Poppel, G. (2000) Fruits and vegetables increase
plasma carotenoids and vitamins and decrease homocysteine in humans. J.
Nutr. 130: 1578-1583
Bub, A., Watzl,
B., Abrahamse, L., Delincee, H., Adam, S., Wever, J., Muller, H. &
Rechkemmer, G. (2000) Moderate intervention with carotenoid-rich vegetable
products reduces lipid peroxidation in men. J. Nutr. 130: 2200-2206
Burri, B. J.
(2000) Carotenoids and gene expression. Nutrition. 16:
577-578
Canizares-Villanueva, R. O., Rios-Leal, E., Olvera Ramirez, R., Ponce
Noyola, T. & Marquez Rocha, F. (1998) [Microbial sources of pigments]. Rev.
Latinoam. Microbiol. 40: 87-107
Carolin, K. A.
& Pass, H. A. (2000) Prevention of breast cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol.
Hematol. 33: 221-238
Carroll, Y. L.,
Corridan, B. M. & Morrissey, P. A. (2000) Lipoprotein carotenoid profiles
and the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in healthy elderly
volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54: 500-507
Chavez Perez,
J. F. (1999) [Priorities of investigation in the field of carotenoids in
Venezuela]. Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 49: 103S-107S
Chew, B. P.,
Park, J. S., Weng, B. C., Wong, T. S., Hayek, M. G. & Reinhart, G. A.
(2000) Dietary b-carotene absorption by blood plasma and leukocytes in domestic cats. J.
Nutr. 130: 2322-2325
Chew, B. P.,
Park, J. S., Weng, B. C., Wong, T. S., Hayek, M. G. & Reinhart, G. A.
(2000) Dietary b-carotene is taken up by blood plasma and leukocytes in dogs. J.
Nutr. 130: 1788-1791
Chew, B. P.,
Park, J. S., Wong, T. S., Kim, H. W., Weng, B. B., Byrne, K. M., Hayek, M. G.
& Reinhart, G. A. (2000) Dietary b-carotene stimulates cell-mediated and humoral immune
response in dogs. J. Nutr. 130: 1910-1913
Chopra, M.,
Fitzsimons, P. E., Strain, J. J., Thurnham, D. I. & Howard, A. N. (2000)
Nonalcoholic red wine extract and quercetin inhibit LDL oxidation without affecting
plasma antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid concentrations. Clin. Chem. 46:
1162-1170
Christian, P.,
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