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Chew, B.P., Park, J.S., Wong, M.W. & Wong, T.S. (1999) A comparison of the anticancer activities of dietary beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin in mice in vivo. Anticancer Res. 19: 1849-1853.

Chopra, M. & Thurnham, D.I. (1999) Antioxidants and lipoprotein metabolism. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 58: 663-671.

Clinton, S.K. (1999) The dietary antioxidant network and prostate carcinoma [editorial; comment]. Cancer 86: 1629-1631.

Cohen, J.H., Kristal, A.R. & Stanford, J.L. (2000) Fruit and vegetable intakes and prostate cancer risk. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2000. Jan. 5;92(1):61-8. 92: 61-68.

Cohen, L.A., Zhao, Z., Pittman, B. & Khachik, F. (1999) Effect of dietary lycopene on N-methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Nutr. Cancer 34: 153-159.

Cook, N.R., Stampfer, M.J., Ma, J., Manson, J.E., Sacks, F.M., Buring, J.E. & Hennekens, C.H. (1999) Beta-carotene supplementation for patients with low baseline levels and decreased risks of total and prostate carcinoma [see comments]. Cancer 86: 1783-1792.

Cooper, D.A., Eldridge, A.L. & Peters, J.C. (1999) Dietary carotenoids and certain cancers, heart disease, and age-related macular degeneration: a review of recent research. Nutr. Rev. 57: 201-214.

Coutsoudis, A., Pillay, K., Spooner, E., Kuhn, L. & Coovadia, H.M. (1999) Randomized trial testing the effect of vitamin A supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and early mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Durban, South Africa. South African Vitamin A Study Group. AIDS 13: 1517-1524.

Cowan, C.G., Calwell, E.I., Young, I.S., McKillop, D.J. & Lamey, P.J. (1999) Antioxidant status of oral mucosal tissue and plasma levels in smokers and non-smokers. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 28: 360-363.

Craig, W.J. (1999) Health-promoting properties of common herbs. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70: 491S-499S.

Croce, R., Remelli, R., Varotto, C., Breton, J. & Bassi, R. (1999) The neoxanthin binding site of the major light harvesting complex (LHCII) from higher plants. FEBS Lett. 456: 1-6.

Croce, R., Weiss, S. & Bassi, R. (1999) Carotenoid-binding sites of the major light-harvesting complex II of higher plants. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 29613-29623.

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Dutra-de-Oliveira, J.E., Favaro, R.M., Junqueira-Franco, M.V., Carvalho, C.G., Jordao Junior, A.A. & Vannucchi, H. (1998) Effect of heat treatment on the biological value of beta-carotene added to soybean cooking oil in rats. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 49: 205-210.

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Ebong, P.E., Owu, D.U. & Isong, E.U. (1999) Influence of palm oil (Elaesis guineensis) on health. Plant Foods. Hum. Nutr. 53: 209-222.

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Eitenmiller, R.R. & Landen, W.O. (1998) Vitamin Analysis for the Health and Food Sciences, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,

Erdman, J.W.,Jr. (1999) Variable bioavailability of carotenoids from vegetables [editorial; comment]. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70: 179-180.

Erhardt, J.G., Heinrich, F. & Biesalski, H.K. (1999) Determination of retinol, antioxidant vitamins and homocysteine in skin puncture blood. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 69: 309-314.

Fahey, J.W., Clevidence, B.A. & Russell, R.M. (1999) Methods for assessing the biological effects of specific plant components. Nutr. Rev. 57: S34-S40.

Ferguson, L.R. (1999) Prospects for cancer prevention. Mutat. Res. 428: 329-338.

Fleshner, N.E. & Klotz, L.H. (1998) Diet, androgens, oxidative stress and prostate cancer susceptibility. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 17: 325-330.

Foulon, T., Richard, M.J., Payen, N., Bourrain, J.L., Beani, J.C., Laporte, F. & Hadjian, A. (1999) Effects of fish oil fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in healthy subjects. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 59: 239-248.

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Freedman, D.M., Tangrea, J.A., Virtamo, J. & Albanes, D. (1999) The effect of beta-carotene supplementation on serum vitamin D metabolite concentrations. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 8: 1115-1116.

Freeman, V.L., Meydani, M., Yong, S., Pyle, J., Wan, Y., Arvizu-Durazo, R. & Liao, Y. (2000) Prostatic levels of tocopherols, carotenoids, and retinol in relation to plasma levels and self-reported usual dietary intake. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2000. Jan. 15;151(2):109-18. 151: 109-118.

Friedrich, M.J. (1999) Genetically enhanced rice to help fight malnutrition [news]. JAMA 282: 1508-1509.

Fursova, S.A., Shatniuk, L.N., Risnik, V.V., Leont'eva, E.V., Biriukova, Z.A., Kovalenko, L.M. & Panteleeva, O.N. (1999) [Preservation of beta-carotene during production and storage of sterilized milk]. Vopr. Pitan. 68: 21-23.

Garcia-Casal, M.N., Leets, I. & Layrisse, M. (2000) Beta-carotene and inhibitors of iron absorption modify iron uptake by Caco-2 cells. J. Nutr. 130: 5-9.

Garewal, H.S., Katz, R.V., Meyskens, F., Pitcock, J., Morse, D., Friedman, S., Peng, Y., Pendrys, D.G., Mayne, S., Alberts, D., Kiersch, T. & Graver, E. (1999) Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in patients with oral leukoplakia: results of a multicenter prospective trial. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg. 125: 1305-1310.

Garrett, D.A., Failla, M.L. & Sarama, R.J. (1999) Development of an in vitro digestion method to assess carotenoid bioavailability meals. J. Agric. Food Chem 47: 4301-4309.

Garrett, D.A., Failla, M.L., Sarama, R.J. & Craft, N. (1999) Accumulation and retention of micellar beta-carotene and lutein by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. J. Nutr. Biochem. 10: 573-581.

Geerling, B.J., v.Houwelingen, A.C., Badart-Smook, A., Stockbrugger, R.W. & Brummer, R.J. (1999) The relation between antioxidant status and alterations in fatty acid profile in patients with Crohn disease and controls. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 34: 1108-1116.

Genser, D., Kang, M.H., Vogelsang, H. & Elmadfa, I. (1999) Status of lipid soluble antioxidants and TRAP in patients with Crohn's disease and healthy controls. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 675-679.

Ghazi, A. (1999) Extraction of beta-carotene from orange peels. Nahrung. 43: 274-277.

Giordano, W., Avalos, J., Fernandez-Martin, R., Cerda-Olmedo, E. & Domenech, C.E. (1999) Lovastatin inhibits the production of gibberellins but not sterol or carotenoid biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi. Microbiology. 145: 2997-3002.

Grant, W.B. (1999) An ecologic study of dietary links to prostate cancer. Altern. Med. Rev. 4: 162-169.

Green, A., Williams, G., Neale, R., Hart, V., Leslie, D., Parsons, P., Marks, G.C., Gaffney, P., Battistutta, D., Frost, C., Lang, C. & Russell, A. (1999) Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomised controlled trial [see comments]. Lancet 354: 723-729.

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Grievink, L., Smit, H.A., van, V., Brunekreef, B. & Kromhout, D. (2000) A case-control study of plasma antioxidant (pro-)vitamins in relation to respiratory symptoms in non-smokers. Epidemiology. 2000. Jan;11(1):59-63. 11: 59-63.

Grievink, L., Smit, H.A., Veer, P., Brunekreef, B. & Kromhout, D. (1999) Plasma concentrations of the antioxidants beta-carotene and alpha- tocopherol in relation to lung function. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 813-817.

Grievink, L., van der Zee, S.C., Hoek, G., Boezen, H.M., van't Veer, P. & Brunekreef, B. (1999) Modulation of the acute respiratory effects of winter air pollution by serum and dietary antioxidants: a panel study. Eur. Respir. J. 13: 1439-1446.

Gruszecki, W.I., Sujak, A., Strzalka, K., Radunz, A. & Schmid, G.H. (1999) Organisation of xanthophyll-lipid membranes studied by means of specific pigment antisera, spectrophotometry and monomolecular layer technique lutein versus zeaxanthin. Z. Naturforsch. [C]. 54: 517-525.

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Gylling, H., Puska, P., Vartiainen, E. & Miettinen, T.A. (1999) Retinol, vitamin D, carotenes and alpha-tocopherol in serum of a moderately hypercholesterolemic population consuming sitostanol ester margarine. Atherosclerosis 145: 279-285.

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Hallikainen, M.A., Sarkkinen, E.S. & Uusitupa, M.I. (1999) Effects of low-fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum cholesterol concentrations. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 966-969.

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Handelman, G.J., Nightingale, Z.D., Lichtenstein, A.H., Schaefer, E.J. & Blumberg, J.B. (1999) Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary supplementation with egg yolk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70: 247-251.

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Harrison, E.H. & Smith, J.C. (1999) Provitamin A food sources and serum retinol (letter). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70: 575-576.

Hartman, T.J., Dorgan, J.F., Virtamo, J., Tangrea, J.A., Taylor, P.R. & Albanes, D. (1999) Association between serum alpha-tocopherol and serum androgens and estrogens in older men. Nutr. Cancer 35: 10-15.

Haskell, M.J. & Brown, K.H. (1999) Maternal vitamin A nutriture and the vitamin A content of human milk. J. Mammary. Gland. Biol. Neoplasia. 4: 243-257.

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Hercberg, S., Preziosi, P., Galan, P., Faure, H., Arnaud, J., Duport, N., Malvy, D., Roussel, A.M., Briancon, S. & Favier, A. (1999) "The SU.VI.MAX Study": a primary prevention trial using nutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in cardiovascular diseases and cancers. SUpplementation on VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants. Food Chem. Toxicol. 37: 925-930.

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Hong, W.K. (1999) Chemoprevention of lung cancer. Oncology (Huntingt). 13: 135-141.

Hughes, D.A. (1999) Effects of carotenoids on human immune function. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 58: 713-718.

Ito, Y., Gajalakshmi, K.C., Sasaki, R., Suzuki, K. & Shanta, V. (1999) A study on serum carotenoid levels in breast cancer patients of Indian women in Chennai (Madras), India. J. Epidemiol. 9: 306-314.

Ito, Y., Shimizu, H., Yoshimura, T., Ross, R.K., Kabuto, M., Takatsuka, N., Tokui, N., Suzuki, K. & Shinohara, R. (1999) Serum concentrations of carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, fatty acids, and lipid peroxides among Japanese in Japan, and Japanese and Caucasians in the US. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 69: 385-395.

Jaren-Galan, M. & Minguez-Mosquera, M.I. (1999) Effect of pepper lipoxygenase activity and its linked reactions on pigments of t fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: 4532-4536.

Jaren-Galan, M. & Minguez-Mosquera, M.I. (1999) Quantitative and qualitative changes associated with heat treatments in the caro content of paprika oleoresins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: 4379-4383.

Jaren-Galan, M., Nienaber, U. & Schwartz, S.J. (1999) Paprika (Capsicum annuum) oleoresin extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: 3558-3564.

Jenkins, M.Y., Mitchell, G.V. & Grundel, E. (1999) Dietary vitamin E and beta-carotene sources influence vitamin A and E storage in young rats fed marginal and adequate vitamin E. Nutr. Cancer 34: 235-241.

Jensen, S.K., Johannsen, A.K. & Hermansen, J.E. (1999) Quantitative secretion and maximal secretion capacity of retinol, beta- carotene and alpha-tocopherol into cows' milk. J. Dairy. Res. 66: 511-522.

Jewell, C. & O'Brien, N.M. (1999) Effect of dietary supplementation with carotenoids on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver, lung, kidney and small intestine of the rat. Br. J. Nutr. 81: 235-242.

Kasper, H. (1999) Vitamin absorption in the elderly. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 69: 169-172.

Kawchak, D.A., Sowell, A.L., Hofley, P.M., Zemel, B.S., Scanlin, T.F. & Stallings, V.A. (1999) Longitudinal analysis shows serum carotenoid concentrations are low in children with cystic fibrosis. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 99: 1569-1572.

Kiely, M., Cogan, P., Kearney, P.J. & Morrissey, P.A. (1999) Relationship between smoking, dietary intakes and plasma levels of vitamin E and beta-carotene in matched maternal-cord pairs. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 69: 262-267.

Kiely, M., Cogan, P.F., Kearney, P.J. & Morrissey, P.A. (1999) Concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids in maternal and cord blood plasma. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 711-715.

Kikugawa, K., Hiramoto, K. & Hirama, A. (1999) Beta-carotene generates thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances by interaction with nitrogen dioxide in air. Free Radic. Res. 31: 517-523.

Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Launer, L.J., Geleijnse, J.M., Boeing, H., Hofman, A. & Witteman, J.C. (2000) Serum carotenoids and atherosclerosis. The Rotterdam Study. Atherosclerosis 2000. Jan;148(1):49-56. 148: 49-56.

Kokcam, I. & Naziroglu, M. (1999) Antioxidants and lipid peroxidation status in the blood of patients with psoriasis. Clin. Chim. Acta 289: 23-31.

Konoplia, E.F., Kapich, A.N., Vereshchako, G.G., Khodosovskaia, A.M., Rutkovskaia ZhA, & Gvozdkova, T.S. (1999) [Evaluation of radioprotective properties of a lipocarotenoid extract from mycelium of basidiomycetes during external irradiation]. Radiats. Biol. Radioecol. 39: 277-281.

Kontush, A., Weber, W. & Beisiegel, U. (2000) Alpha- and beta-carotenes in low density lipoprotein are the preferred target for nitric oxide-induced oxidation. Atherosclerosis 2000. Jan;148(1):87-93. 148: 87-93.

Korhonen, P.A., Laird, N.M. & Palmgren, J. (1999) Correcting for non-compliance in randomized trials: an application to the ATBC Study. Stat. Med. 18: 2879-2897.

Korpela, R., Seppo, L., Laakso, J., Lilja, J., Karjala, K., Lahteenmaki, T., Solatunturi, E., Vapaatalo, H. & Tikkanen, M.J. (1999) Dietary habits affect the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 802-807.

Koski, P., Pakarinen, M., Nakari, T., Soivio, A. & Hartikainen, K. (1999) Treatment with thiamine hydrochloride and astaxanthine for the prevention of yolk-sac mortality in Baltic salmon fry (M74 syndrome). Dis. Aquat. Organ. 37: 209-220.

Krause, G.H., Schmude, C., Garden, H., Koroleva, O.Y. & Winter, K. (1999) Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on the potential efficiency of photosystem II in leaves of tropical plants. Plant Physiol. 121: 1349-1358.

Kritchevsky, S.B. (2000) Beta-carotene, carotenoids and the prevention of coronary heart disease. J. Nutr. 2000. Jan;130(1S. Suppl):5-8. 130: 5-8.

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