6-VIII-2000

CARIG Literature Citations (August 2000)

Aas, G. H., Bjerkeng, B., Storebakken, T. & Ruyter, B. (1999) Blood appearance, metabolic transformation and plasma transport proteins of 14C-astaxanthin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 21: 325-334

Abushita, A. A., Daood, H. G. & Biacs, P. A. (2000) Change in carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins in tomato as a function of variet technological factors. J. Agric. Food Chem 48: 2075-2081

Arias, R., Lee, T. C., Logendra, L. & Janes, H. (2000) Correlation of lycopene measured by HPLC with the L*, a*, b* color readings of a hydroponic tomato and the relationship of maturity with color and lycopene content. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 1697-1702

Aruna, R. V., Ramesh, B. & Kartha, V. N. (1999) Effect of betacarotene on protein glycosylation in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 37: 399-401

Barua, A. B., Olson, J. A., Furr, H. C. & van Breemen, R. B. (2000) Vitamin A and carotenoids. In: Modern Chromatographic Analysis of Vitamins (De Leenheer, A. P., Lambert, W. E. & van Bocxlaer, J. F., eds) pp. 1-74. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.

Bestwick, C. S. & Milne, L. (2000) Effects of beta-carotene on antioxidant enzyme activity, intracellular reactive oxygen and membrane integrity within post confluent Caco-2 intestinal cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1474: 47-55

Bianchini, F., Elmstahl, S., Martinez-Garcia, C., van Kappel, A. L., Douki, T., Cadet, J., Ohshima, H., Riboli, E. & Kaaks, R. (2000) Oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes: correlations with plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids. Carcinogenesis 21: 321-324

Bjerkeng, B., Hamre, K., Hatlen, B. & Wathne, E. (1999) Astaxanthin deposition in fillets of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fed two dietary levels of astaxanthin in combination with three levels of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Aquaculture Research 30: 637-646

Bjerkeng, B., Hatlen, B. & Wathne, E. (1999) Deposition of astaxanthin in fillets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with herring, capelin, sandeel, or Peruvian high PUFA oils. Aquaculture 180: 307-319

Bjerkeng, B., Hatlen1, B. & Jobling, M. (2000) Astaxanthin and its metabolites idoxanthin and crustaxanthin in flesh, skin, and gonads of sexually immature and maturing Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 125: 395-404

Bjerkeng, B., Johnsen, K., Mayer, I., Storebakken, T. & Nilssen, K. J. (1999) Influence of 11-ketotestosterone, 17-beta-estradiol, and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine on distribution and metabolism of carotenoids in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 21: 353-364

Botterweck, A. A., van den Brandt, P. A. & Goldbohm, R. A. (2000) Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 88: 737-748

Brennan, P., Fortes, C., Butler, J., Agudo, A., Benhamou, S., Darby, S., Gerken, M., Jokel, K. H., Kreuzer, M., Mallone, S., Nyberg, F., Pohlabeln, H., Ferro, G. & Boffetta, P. (2000) A multicenter case-control study of diet and lung cancer among non-smokers. Cancer Causes. Control. 11: 49-58

Bruce, B., Spiller, G. A., Klevay, L. M. & Gallagher, S. K. (2000) A diet high in whole and unrefined foods favorably alters lipids, antioxidant defenses, and colon function. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 19: 61-67

Butland, B. K., Fehily, A. M. & Elwood, P. C. (2000) Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax 55: 102-108

Chew, B. P., Wong, M. W., Park, J. S. & Wong, T. S. (1999) Dietary beta-carotene and astaxanthin but not canthaxanthin stimulate splenocyte function in mice. Anticancer Res. 19: 5223-5227

Christen, W. G., Gaziano, J. M. & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) Design of Physicians' Health Study II--a randomized trial of beta-carotene, vitamins E and C, and multivitamins, in prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and eye disease, and review of results of completed trials. Ann. Epidemiol. 10: 125-134

Cooper, D. A., Curran-Celentano, J., Ciulla, T. A., Hammond, B. R.,Jr., Danis, R. B., Pratt, L. M., Riccardi, K. A. & Filloon, T. G. (2000) Olestra consumption is not associated with macular pigment optical density in a cross-sectional volunteer sample in Indianapolis. J. Nutr. 130: 642-647

Cremer, D. R. & Eichner, K. (2000) Formation of volatile compounds during heating of spice paprika (Capsicum annuum). J. Agric. Food Chem 48: 2454-2460

Crissey, S. D. & Wells, R. (1999) Serum alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, retinol, retinyl palmitate, and carotenoid concentrations in captive and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 124: 391-396

Curran, F. J., Sattar, N., Talwar, D., Baxter, J. N. & Imrie, C. W. (2000) Relationship of carotenoid and vitamins A and E with the acute inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis. Br. J. Surg. 87: 301-305

Dawson, M. I. (2000) The importance of vitamin A in nutrition. Curr. Pharm. Des. 6: 311-325

Del Campo, J. A., Moreno, J., Rodriguez, H., Vargas, M. A., Rivas, J. & Guerrero, M. G. (2000) Carotenoid content of chlorophycean microalgae: factors determining lutein accumulation in Muriellopsis sp. (Chlorophyta). J. Biotechnol. 76: 51-59

Demmig-Adams, B. & Adams, W. W. (2000) Harvesting sunlight safely [news; comment]. Nature 403: 371, 373-371, 374

Edge, R., Land, E. J., McGarvey, D. J., Burke, M. & Truscott, T. G. (2000) The reduction potential of the beta-carotene.+ /beta-carotene couple in an aqueous micro-heterogeneous environment. FEBS Lett. 471: 125-127

Eichholzer, M., Stahelin, H. B., Gutzwiller, F., Ludin, E. & Bernasconi, F. (2000) Association of low plasma cholesterol with mortality for cancer at various sites in men: 17-y follow-up of the prospective Basel study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 569-574

Elmadfa, I. & Park, E. (1999) Impact of diets with corn oil or olive/sunflower oils on DNA damage in healthy young men. Eur. J. Nutr. 38: 286-292

Farombi, E. O. & Britton, G. (1999) Antioxidant activity of palm oil carotenes in peroxyl radical-mediated peroxidation of phosphatidyl choline liposomes. Redox. Rep. 4: 61-68

Floreani, A., Baragiotta, A., Martines, D., Naccarato, R. & D'odorico, A. (2000) Plasma antioxidant levels in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 353-358

Ford, E. S. & Giles, W. H. (2000) Serum vitamins, carotenoids, and angina pectoris: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Ann. Epidemiol. 10: 106-116

Frank, H. A., Bautista, J. A., Josue, J. S. & Young, A. J. (2000) Mechanism of nonphotochemical quenching in green plants: energies of the lowest excited singlet states of violaxanthin and zeaxanthin. Biochemistry 39: 2831-2837

Frieling, U. M., Schaumberg, D. A., Kupper, T. S., Muntwyler, J. & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) A randomized, 12-year primary-prevention trial of beta carotene supplementation for nonmelanoma skin cancer in the physician's health study [see comments]. Arch. Dermatol. 136: 179-184

Garcia, R., Gonzalez, C. A., Agudo, A. & Riboli, E. (1999) High intake of specific carotenoids and flavonoids does not reduce the risk of bladder cancer. Nutr. Cancer 35: 212-214

Garcia-Olmo, D. C., Riese, H. H., Escribano, J., Ontanon, J., Fernandez, J. A., Atienzar, M. & Garcia-Olmo, D. (1999) Effects of long-term treatment of colon adenocarcinoma with crocin, a carotenoid from saffron (Crocus sativus L.): an experimental study in the rat. Nutr. Cancer 35: 120-126

Gawienowski, A. M. (1999) Integration of the metabolic pathways of steroids, carotenoids, and retinoids. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34: 405-410

Goralczyk, R., Barker, F. M., Buser, S., Liechti, H. & Bausch, J. (2000) Dose dependency of canthaxanthin crystals in monkey retina and spatial distribution of its metabolites. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41: 1513-1522

Gossage, C., Deyhim, M., Moser-Veillon, P. B., Douglas, L. W. & Kramer, T. R. (2000) Effect of beta-carotene supplementation and lactation on carotenoid metabolism and mitogenic T lymphocyte proliferation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 950-955

Grant, W. B. (2000) Calcium, lycopene, vitamin D and prostate cancer [letter; comment]. Prostate 2000. Feb. 15;42(3):243. 42: 243

Grievink, L., de Waart, F. G., Schouten, E. G. & Kok, F. J. (2000) Serum carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, and lung function among Dutch elderly. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161: 790-795

Grunewald, K., Eckert, M., Hirschberg, J. & Hagen, C. (2000) Phytoene desaturase is localized exclusively in the chloroplast and up-regulated at the mRNA level during accumulation of secondary carotenoids in Haematococcus pluvialis (Volvocales, chlorophyceae). Plant Physiol. 122: 1261-1268

Guerinot, M. L. (2000) Perspectives: plant biology. The green revolution strikes gold [comment]. Science 287: 241-243

Hallikainen, M. A., Sarkkinen, E. S. & Uusitupa, M. I. (2000) Plant stanol esters affect serum cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men and women in a dose-dependent manner. J. Nutr. 130: 767-776

Hobe, S., Niemeier, H., Bender, A. & Paulsen, H. (2000) Carotenoid binding sites in LHCIIb. Relative affinities towards major xanthophylls of higher plants. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 616-624

Hoffmann, J., Linseisen, J., Riedl, J. & Wolfram, G. (1999) Dietary fiber reduces the antioxidative effect of a carotenoid and alpha-tocopherol mixture on LDL oxidation ex vivo in humans. Eur. J. Nutr. 38: 278-285

Hornero-Mendez, D. & Minguez-Mosquera, M. I. (2000) Carotenoid pigments in Rosa mosqueta hips, an alternative carotenoid source for foods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 825-828

Hornero-Mendez, D. & Minguez-Mosquera, M. I. (2000) Xanthophyll esterification accompanying carotenoid overaccumulation in chromoplast of Capsicum annuum ripening fruits is a constitutive process and useful for ripeness index. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 1617-1622

Houte, H., Partali, V., Sliwka, H. R. & Quartey, E. G. (2000) Synthesis of structured lipids and etherlipids with antioxidants: combination of a selena fatty acid and a selena fatty alcohol with a carotenoic acid in glyceride molecules. Chem. Phys. Lipids 105: 105-113

Howard, L. R., Talcott, S. T., Brenes, C. H. & Villalon, B. (2000) Changes in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of selected pepper cultivars (Capsicum species) as influenced by maturity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 1713-1720

Hsu, J. D., Chou, F. P., Lee, M. J., Chiang, H. C., Lin, Y. L., Shiow, S. J. & Wang, C. J. (1999) Suppression of the TPA-induced expression of nuclear-protooncogenes in mouse epidermis by crocetin via antioxidant activity. Anticancer Res. 19: 4221-4227

Huang, C., Tang, Y. L., Chen, C. Y., Chen, M. L., Chu, C. H. & Hseu, C. T. (2000) The bioavailability of beta-carotene in stir- or deep-fried vegetables in men determined by measuring the serum response to a single ingestion. J. Nutr. 130: 534-540

Imaeda, N., Tokudome, Y., Ikeda, M., Kitagawa, I., Fujiwara, N. & Tokudome, S. (1999) Foods contributing to absolute intake and variance in intake of selected vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber in middle-aged Japanese. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 45: 519-532

Jandacek, R. J. (2000) The canary in the cell: a sentinel role for beta-carotene. J. Nutr. 130: 648-651

Johnson, C. C., Gorell, J. M., Rybicki, B. A., Sanders, K. & Peterson, E. L. (1999) Adult nutrient intake as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Int. J. Epidemiol. 28: 1102-1109

Jones, S. A., McArdle, F., Jack, C. I. & Jackson, M. J. (1999) Effect of antioxidant supplementation on the adaptive response of human skin fibroblasts to UV-induced oxidative stress. Redox. Rep. 4: 291-299

Jyonouchi, H., Sun, S., Iijima, K. & Gross, M. D. (2000) Antitumor activity of astaxanthin and its mode of action. Nutr. Canc. 36: 59-65

Kalayci, O., Besler, T., Kilinc, K., Sekerel, B. E. & Saraclar, Y. (2000) Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins (alpha tocopherol, beta carotene, and ascorbic acid) in children with bronchial asthma. Turk. J. Pediatr. 42: 17-21

Kammerer, C., Czermak, I., Getoff, N. & Kodym, R. (1999) Enhancement of mitomycin C efficiency by vitamin C, E-acetate and beta-carotene under irradiation. A study in vitro. Anticancer Res. 19: 5319-5321

Khuri, F. R. & Lippman, S. M. (2000) Lung cancer chemoprevention. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 18: 100-105

Kim, H. W., Chew, B. P., Wong, T. S., Park, J. S., Weng, B. B., Byrne, K. M., Hayek, M. G. & Reinhart, G. A. (2000) Modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by dietary lutein in cats. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 73: 331-341

Kozuki, Y., Miura, Y. & Yagasaki, K. (2000) Inhibitory effects of carotenoids on the invasion of rat ascites hepatoma cells in culture. Cancer Lett. 151: 111-115

Kristal, A. R. & Cohen, J. H. (2000) Invited commentary: tomatoes, lycopene, and prostate cancer. How strong is the evidence? [comment]. Am. J. Epidemiol. 151: 124-7; discuss

Kritchevsky, S. B. (2000) Beta-carotene, carotenoids and the prevention of coronary heart disease. J. Nutr. 130 (Supplement 1): 5-8

Lorenz, R. T. & Cysewski, G. R. (2000) Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin. Trends. Biotechnol. 18: 160-167

Luterotti, S., Franko, M. & Bicanic, D. (1999) Ultrasensitive determination of beta-carotene in fish oil-based supplementary drugs by HPLC-TLS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 21: 901-909

Ma, J., Hampl, J. S. & Betts, N. M. (2000) Antioxidant intakes and smoking status: data from the continuing survey of food intakes by individuals 1994-1996. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 774-780

Matthews, J. O. & Southern, L. L. (2000) The effect of dietary betaine in Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. Poult. Sci. 79: 60-65

Mortensen, A. & Skibsted, L. H. (2000) Kinetics and mechanism of the primary steps of degradation of carotenoids by acid in homogeneous solution. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 279-286

Murakami, A., Nakashima, M., Koshiba, T., Maoka, T., Nishino, H., Yano, M., Sumida, T., Kim, O. K., Koshimizu, K. & Ohigashi, H. (2000) Modifying effects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generation from stimulated leukocytes. Cancer Lett. 149: 115-123

Naguib, Y. M. A. (2000) Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 1150-1154

Nalubola, R. & Nestel, P. (1999) The Effect of Vitamin A Nutriture on Health: A Review. ILSI Press, Washington,DC [available at www.ilsi.org/hnipubs.htm], pp. 1-83.

Navarro, E., Ruiz-Perez, V. L. & Torres-Martinez, S. (2000) Overexpression of the crgA gene abolishes light requirement for carotenoid biosynthesis in Mucor circinelloides. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 800-807

Negri, E., Franceschi, S., Bosetti, C., Levi, F., Conti, E., Parpinel, M. & La Vecchia, C. (2000) Selected micronutrients and oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int. J. Cancer 86: 122-127

Negro, J. J., Tella, J. L., Blanco, G., Forero, M. G. & Garrido-Fernandez, J. (2000) Diet explains interpopulation variation of plasma carotenoids and skin pigmentation in nestling white storks. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 73: 97-101

Olmedilla, B. & Granado, F. (2000) Carotenoids and retinol-equivalents in food composition tables from European countries (EPIC study) [letter]. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54: 268-269

Orset, S. C. & Young, A. J. (2000) Exposure to low irradiances favors the synthesis of 9-cis beta, beta-carotene in Dunaliella salina (Teod.). Plant Physiol. 122: 609-618

Osterlie, M., Bjerkeng, B. & Liaaen-Jensen, S. (1999) On bioavailability and deposition of bent Z-isomers of astaxanthin. In: Pigments in Food Technology. Proceedings of 1st International Congress PFT (Minguez Mosquera, M. I., Galan, M. J. & Mendez, D. H., eds) pp. 157-161. International Congress on Pigments in Food Technology, Sevilla,Spain.

Parvin, S. G. & Sivakumar, B. (2000) Nutritional status affects intestinal carotene cleavage activity and carotene conversion to vitamin A in rats. J. Nutr. 130: 573-577

Pasqualini, S., Batini, P., Ederli, L. & Antonielli, M. (1999) Responses of the xanthophyll cycle pool and ascorbate-glutathione cycle to ozone stress in two tobacco cultivars. Free Radic. Res. 31 Suppl: S67-S73

Paulo, M. G., Marques, H. M., Morais, J. A. & Almeida, A. J. (1999) An isocratic LC method for the simultaneous determination of vitamins A, C, E and beta-carotene. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 21: 399-406

Pawlosky, R. J., Flanagan, V. P. & Novotny, J. A. (2000) A sensitive procedure for the study of beta-carotene-d8 metabolism in humans using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Lipid Res. 41: 1027-1031

Perocco, P., Mazzullo, M., Broccoli, M., Rocchi, P., Ferreri, A. M. & Paolini, M. (2000) Inhibitory activity of vitamin E and alpha-naphthoflavone on beta-carotene-enhanced transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells by benzo(a)pyrene and cigarette-smoke condensate. Mutat. Res. 465: 151-158

Pham, T. Q., Cormier, F., Farnworth, E., Tong, V. H. & Van Calsteren, M. R. (2000) Antioxidant properties of crocin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and study of the reactions of crocin with linoleic acid and crocin with oxygen. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 1455-1461

Pinto, E., Catalani, L. H., Lopes, N. P., Di Mascio, P. & Colepicolo, P. (2000) Peridinin as the major biological carotenoid quencher of singlet oxygen in marine algae Gonyaulax polyedra. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268: 496-500

Pinto, F., Mognol, D., Garbelotto, G., Dannhauser, D., Grava, G. & Sanzuol, F. (2000) [Carotenodermia: an erroneous diagnosis of jaundice]. Recenti. Prog. Med. 91: 70-71

Polidori, M. C., Mecocci, P., Stahl, W., Parente, B., Cecchetti, R., Cherubini, A., Cao, P., Sies, H. & Senin, U. (2000) Plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidants in very old patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 16: 15-19

Porrini, M. & Riso, P. (2000) Lymphocyte lycopene concentration and DNA protection from oxidative damage is increased in women after a short period of tomato consumption. J. Nutr. 130: 189-192

Pryor, W. A., Stahl, W. & Rock, C. L. (2000) Beta carotene: from biochemistry to clinical trials. Nutr. Rev. 58: 39-53

Puzatkina, E. A. & Kolupaev, B. I. (2000) [Relation between carotenoid concentration and anaerobic respiration capability in mollusks Lymnaea stagnalis and Unio pectorum]. Zh. Evol. Biokhim. Fiziol. 36: 65-66

Rapp, L. M., Maple, S. S. & Choi, J. H. (2000) Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41: 1200-1209

Rauma, A. L. & Mykkanen, H. (2000) Antioxidant status in vegetarians versus omnivores [see comments]. Nutrition. 16: 111-119

Rengel, D., Diez-Navajas, A., Serna-Rico, A., Veiga, P., Muga, A. & Milicua, J. C. (2000) Exogenously incorporated ketocarotenoids in large unilamellar vesicles. Protective activity against peroxidation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1463: 179-187

Rock, E., Mazur, A., O'connor, J. M., Bonham, M. P., Rayssiguier, Y. & Strain, J. J. (2000) The effect of copper supplementation on red blood cell oxidizability and plasma antioxidants in middle-aged healthy volunteers. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28: 324-329

Rodriguez-Amaya, D. B. (1999) A Guide to Carotenoid Analyses in Foods. ILSI Press, Washington,DC, pp. 1-64.

Ronco, A., De Stefani, E., Boffetta, P., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Mendilaharsu, M. & Leborgne, F. (1999) Vegetables, fruits, and related nutrients and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Nutr. Cancer 35: 111-119

Russell, R. M. (2000) The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 878-884

Saino, N., Ninni, P., Calza, S., Martinelli, R., De Bernardi, F. & Moller, A. P. (2000) Better red than dead: carotenoid-based mouth coloration reveals infection in barn swallow nestlings. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 267: 57-61

Santamaria, R. I., Reyes-Duarte, M. D., Barzana, E., Fernando, D., Gama, F. M., Mota, M. & Lopez-Munguia, A. (2000) Selective enzyme-mediated extraction of capsaicinoids and carotenoids from chili puya (Capsicum annuum L.) using ethanol as solvent. J. Agric. Food Chem 48: 3063-3067

Sapin, V., Alexandre, M. C., Chaib, S., Bournazeau, J. A., Sauvant, P., Borel, P., Jacquetin, B., Grolier, P., Lemery, D., Dastugue, B. & Azais-Braesco, V. (2000) Effect of vitamin A status at the end of term pregnancy on the saturation of retinol binding protein with retinol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 537-543

Scheen, A. J. (2000) [Antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 2nd part: results of clinical trials]. Rev. Med. Liege. 55: 105-109

Schippling, S., Kontush, A., Arlt, S., Buhmann, C., Sturenburg, H. J., Mann, U., Muller-Thomsen, T. & Beisiegel, U. (2000) Increased lipoprotein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28: 351-360

Schweitzer, D., Lang, G. E., Remsch, H., Beuermann, B., Hammer, M., Thamm, E., Spraul, C. W. & Lang, G. K. (2000) [Age-related maculopathy. Comparative studies of patients, their children and healthy controls]. Ophthalmologe. 97: 84-90

Scotter, M. J., Wilson, L. A., Appleton, G. P. & Castle, L. (2000) Analysis of annatto (Bixa orellana) food coloring formulations. 2. Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon thermal degradation products by gas chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 484-488

Shampo, M. A. & Kyle, R. A. (2000) Paul Karrer--research on vitamins. Mayo Clin. Proc. 75: 328

Shi, J. & Le Maguer, M. (2000) Lycopene in tomatoes: chemical and physical properties affected by food processing. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 40: 1-42

Slattery, M. L., Benson, J., Curtin, K., Ma, K. N., Schaeffer, D. & Potter, J. D. (2000) Carotenoids and colon cancer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 575-582

Soffers, A. E., Van Haandel, M. J., Boersma, M. G., Tyrakowska, B., Laane, C. & Rietjens, I. M. (1999) Antioxidant activities of carotenoids: quantitative relationships between theoretical calculations and experimental literature data. Free Radic. Res. 30: 233-240

Sommerburg, O., Siems, W. G. & van Kuijk, F. J. (2000) Localization of carotenoids in different eye tissues. Biofactors 11: 3-6

Stahl, W., Heinrich, U., Jungmann, H., Sies, H. & Tronnier, H. (2000) Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 795-798

Steinmaus, C. M., Nunez, S. & Smith, A. H. (2000) Diet and bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of six dietary variables. Am. J. Epidemiol. 151: 693-702

Strohschein, S., Pursch, M. & Albert, K. (1999) Hyphenation of high performance liquid chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the characterization of beta-carotene isomers employing a C30 stationary phase. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 21: 669-677

Sumantran, V. N., Zhang, R., Lee, D. S. & Wicha, M. S. (2000) Differential regulation of apoptosis in normal versus transformed mammary epithelium by lutein and retinoic acid. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 9: 257-263

Surai, P. F., MacPherson, A., Speake, B. K. & Sparks, N. H. (2000) Designer egg evaluation in a controlled trial. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54: 298-305

Thurnham, D. I. (1999) Functional foods: cholesterol-lowering benefits of plant sterols [comment]. Br. J. Nutr. 82: 255-256

Tode, C. (2000) [Total synthesis of crassostreaxanthin B directed toward the biomimetic synthesis of carotenoids]. Yakugaku. Zasshi. 120: 137-146

Tornwall, M. E., Virtamo, J., Haukka, J. K., Aro, A., Albanes, D. & Huttunen, J. K. (2000) Prospective study of diet, lifestyle, and intermittent claudication in male smokers. Am. J. Epidemiol. 151: 892-901

Tsolakis, G., Parashi, E., Galland, P. & Kotzabasis, K. (1999) Blue light signaling chains in Phycomyces: phototransduction of carotenogenesis and morphogenesis involves distinct protein kinase/phosphatase elements. Fungal. Genet. Biol. 28: 201-213

Underwood, A. (1999) A prescriptive palette. Researchers say the pigments that give foods their color also can cut cancer and heart-disease risk, and ease the pain of arthritis [news]. Newsweek. 134: 91-92

Vainio, H. (1999) Chemoprevention of cancer: a controversial and instructive story. Br. Med. Bull. 55: 593-599

Vainio, H. (2000) Chemoprevention of cancer: lessons to be learned from beta-carotene trials. Toxicol. Lett. 112-113: 513-517

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